![]() ![]() In this case, an error is provided if the input to the decorator is incorrect, or if it is missing required inputs. Note: Decorators can assist in the implementation of DRY code principles, such as accepting input from a query, JSON, or form request with type checking. ![]() ![]() For the add_book() method to be executed, the request will first have to go through the defined decorator for verification that it has the required access permissions. It enforces the rule that the client has to either authenticate with a valid logged-in user or have an existing token. The decorator is used to secure the bookapi/books/:bookid route in a the Flask application. # Adding a book requires that the endpoint Here is a code snippet that shows how it is done: # Decorator usage on an add_book(): All employees are allowed into the bank, but not all of them have the privileges to authorize a transaction.įor example, the decorator will execute every time the route is called. This way, a decorator can lock certain resources that should be accessed only by one type of user (an admin, for example). You can have additional roles for authenticated users, like an admin role with elevated privileges. Authentication means that the endpoint has an existing session and is unique to a specific user. Now we can explore how to use decorators for authentication.Įndpoints must be authenticated before they are allowed to make requests in an application. Setting up authentication decorators on a Flask API This workflow diagram shows how a decorator function is executed and how it enforces a requirement before the request can proceed or a response is returned. When displaying the output to a browser, this decorator converts a function into a route that can be accessed by the browser without having to explicitly invoke the function in the program. In other words, a decorator will always extend the behavior of a function without modifying the behavior of that function.Īn example of a Flask decorator that you have probably used is the for defining routes. A function can be used as a parameter and a return value, while also being assigned to a variable. This is possible because Python gives functions special status. Understanding Flask decoratorsĪ decorator is a function that takes in another function as a parameter and then returns a function. Before we get started though, let me explain what decorators are. ![]() Now you have access to the codebase I will be referring to in the rest of the tutorial. To clone the project, run this command in your terminal: $ git clone For additional details on the process of creating and configuring the tokens, you can read more in the PyJWT docs. It is important to note that this tutorial is focused on how to use and configure authentication tokens in Flask and not on the structure of the tokens or the various token configurations, such as when they expire or their composition. In this tutorial we will not focus on the process of developing the API endpoints but on the process of ensuring that the endpoints are secured by enforcing use of authentication tokens. We will use this API to create, read, and delete books. The application we will be using for this tutorial is a simple book management API. Our tutorials are platform-agnostic, but use CircleCI as an example. Working knowledge of Python, Flask, and virtual environments.To follow along with this tutorial, you will need: Using these endpoints, we will be able to make requests to the Flask API only for authenticated users. Has your team worked on an API and wanted (somehow) to implement more powerful security features? If you are dissatisfied with the level of security in an API, there are solutions for improving it! In this tutorial, I will lead you through the process of creating API endpoints that are secured with authentication tokens. ![]()
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